HYDROCARBON

          In chemistry, a hydrocarbon is a compound composed of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen atoms (H). The entire chain hydrocarbons having carbon and hydrogen atoms bonded to the chain. The term is used also as a sense of aliphatic hydrocarbons.
          Hydrocarbons are the simplest alkane, a hydrocarbon that contains only single covalent bonds. Hydrocarbons are compounds whose molecular structure consists of hydrogen and carbon. The simplest molecule of the alkane is methane. Methane is a gas at standard temperature and pressure, is the main component of natural gas.
          Hydrocarbons can be classified according to a variety of carbon-carbon bonds they contain. Hydrocarbons with carbon-carbon single bond has called saturated hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons with two or more carbon atoms having two or three bonds called unsaturated hydrocarbons.

           Properties Hydrocarbons (Nature Chemistry / Reactions)

• Chemical properties (Reactions) 

1. Reactions of alkanes Alkanes react quite difficult substances, so-called paraffin or affinity which means small. The most important reaction of alkanes is combustion, substitution, and cracking (cracking). 

•  Complete combustion of alkane combustion produces CO2 and H2O. Incomplete combustion of alkanes produces CO and H2O.
•  Substitution or change of alkanes daapt hydrogen atoms replaced by other atoms, especially halogen. Replacement of the hydrogen atom by atom or another group called substitution reaction. One of the most important of the substitution reaction are halogenated alkanes, alkane hidrogena the replacement of atoms with halogen atoms, especially chlorine. Chlorination (replacement of hydrogen atoms by chlorine atoms) can occur if the alkane is reacted with chlorine.
•   cracking or breaking the chain of carbon atoms into pieces shorter. Alkane cracking can occur when heated at high temperature and pressure without oxygen. Cracking alkanes produces alkenes, this reaction sehinnga used to make alkenes. Cracking can also be used to create hydrogen gas from alkanes. 

   

• Properties Hydrocarbons (Physical Properties) 

          We distinguish the properties of substances into the physical and chemical properties. Physical properties of these substances include physical conditions, such as shape, melting and boiling point, color, flavor, and consistency.

1. Melting and boiling points greater relative molecular (the longer the carbon chain) of alkanes and alkenes, the higher melting point, boiling point, and density. At room temperature (25 degrees Celsius), C1-C4 gaseous, next tribes liquid, while the high tribes from (C18H38) are solid. The same trend applies to the alkyne.
2. All hydrocarbon solubility in water sparingly soluble in water. They are more soluble in nonpolar solvents such as tetraklorometana (CCl4).

Based on the structure and classification HYDROCARBON TYPES COVALENT BONDS BETWEEN CARBON ATOM.

     based on the form of chains of carbon, hydrocarbons are classified into three, namely:

•    hidrokarbon aliphatic

     - alkanes
     - alkenes
     - alkyne

•    hidrokarbon alicyclic

•    hidrokarbon aroma

     by type of bonding between atoms

•    hidrokarbon saturated

•    hidrokarbon unsaturated