MID TEST

 EKA GUNARTI NINGSIH

RSA1C111005

1. A.Explain how the concept of organic compound from petroleum can be used as a fuel for vehicles such as car, motor bike, including aircraft.

Types of hydrocarbons contained in the Earth's oil consists mainly of alkanes, cycloalkanes, and a variety of aromatic hydrocarbons, coupled with some other minor elements such as nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, plus some types of metals such as iron, nickel, copper, and vanadium . 84% of the volume of hydrocarbons contained in the Earth's oil is converted into fuel, which includes gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, and LPG. In the process of fuel combustion in vehicles for example gasoline. the process of chemical reaction is:

 2 C8H18(l) + 25 O2(g) → 16 CO2(g) + 18 H2O(g) + 10.86 MJ/mol (oktana)
So, the gasoline inside the piston, reacts with oxygen resulting in volume expansion resulting in increased pressure in it. This pressure is the one who will lead the movement so that the vehicle can run. This chemical process produces heat energy of 10.86 MJ / mol and exhaust in the form of CO2 and H2O.

B. explain it how the idea of chemical compounds from petroleum can be used to make clothing and plastic and material needs of other humans lives.
the petroleum distillation process will get results in the form of bitumen residue. Asphalt can not evaporate because it has the greatest carbon is C40. This is where there is also a wax, plastic seeds and others. This result is what can be used as materials for plastic and clothing. To dress the candle can be used in the batik process.


2. Explain why the hydrocarbons that are asymmetrical or chiral have a variety of benefits for humans being. And describe how does it the chiral centers can be formed.

Hydrocarbons chiral or symmetry has many benefits in people's lives. Hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons that the chiral C atom in it binds four different functional groups and can be replaced by other functional groups. Therefore, this compound is widely in use in human life. Chiral Molecules have very unique properties, namely optical properties. That is a chiral molecule has the ability to rotate the plane of polarized light in a device called a polarimeter.

3.      When the ethylene gas produced from a ripe fruit can be used to ripe other  fruits that are still unripe. How do you idea when the gas is used as fuel  gas like methane gas.

My idea is to prepare a special room supposing an airtight greenhouse, protected from moisture, and make sure no light can enter. In the room is filled with ripe fruit that would emit ethylene gas. Allow a few days to be sure of ethylene gas in the room was raised. After that the gas is in the air with a vacuum suction. Then this gas insert into the tube so that it will lead to high-pressure gas and has explosive power.

4.      Aromatic compounds are marked by ease of adjacent electrons conjugated. Please explain why  an unsaturated compound which highly conjugated but is not aromatic?

Unsaturated compound binds to the conjugated electron. But in this condition is not only aromatic compound having a conjugated electron adjacent but also must have six carbon atoms connected by three single bonds and a double bond three intermittent. Three single bonds and 3 bonds bond that criss-cross is not owned by unsaturated compounds. Therefore, these compounds can say is unsaturated compounds are not aromatic.