ANSWER OF THE QUESTION

1. effects on fruit ripening ethylene gas
   The answer : Ethylene is a volatile chemical compounds produced during the cooking process, especially bebuahan crops and vegetables. In agriculture ethylene is used as an astringent fruit cooking. Ethylene affects fruit ripening by encouraging hoarding flour and sugar solution.
   
   Basically affect ethylene climacteric fruit and nonklimakterik. The difference in fruit ethylene nonklimakterik only affects the respiration, but did not stimulate the growth of endogenous ethylene and fruit ripening. While on climacteric affects everything. Ethylene is an endogenous ethylene dihasilkanoleh ripe fruit by itself can stimulate ripening of other fruits.
   
   The process of fruit ripening is often associated with a series of changes that can be seen meluputi color, aroma, konsisitensi, and flavor and aroma. The combination of these attributes will contribute to the possibility of the fruit good to eat. But with the rapid pace of ripening fruit, the fruit is also fast towards destruction or decay.
2. in one group, why the C atom can bond set out for one, two and three, while the other atoms can not be.

          The answer : because the carbon atom has special properties
The number of carbon compounds is currently more than the number of non-carbon compounds. DAPT forming carbon compounds setabil and huge numbers, because the element carbon has several distinctive sifaty, among others: \

1. In these compounds, elemental carbon to form four pairs of electrons in fellowship with other atoms so that the formation was complete octet-formation in the absence of electron pairs bebasatau the empty orbitals. That's because they stable carbon compounds when viewed from the point kinetic.

2. Elemental carbon can form chemical bonds are strong, both as a single bond, a double bond or a double three. This is evident from the amount of the bond energy, we can see below:
Single bonds: C - C bond Waterwheel: + 356 kJ 1/mol
Bond: C = C bond energy 598kJ + 1/mol
Three double bonds: C = C bond energy: 813 + Kj 1/mol
Single bonds: C - H bond energy: 416 kJ + 1/mol
Generally compounds - carbon compounds when exposed to the air becomes unstable. This was evident when the compound - burning carbon compounds directly affected by the exothermic reaction. So carbon compounds are kinetically stable, but not necessarily energetically stable, because if a carbon compound exposed to air so he immediately reacted. There are exceptions when the methane comes from natural gas when exposed to air indirect fire, but it must be heated first, due to the reaction of high activation energy needed. So the mix is ​​not going to react before being given energy by heating it first.
3. Carbon atoms can form four covalent bonds, valence electrons because it has n4. In compounds C atoms form bonds with sp 3 hybridization with single bonds, but not for compounds containing double bonds.
4. Atom - carbon atoms can hold katenasi the ability to form a carbon chain. The carbon chain may be open or ring and branched or straight. The result of that is the emergence katenasi isomeri events, which are substances - chemicals that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas.